Unoda kuenda usina mapepa?Munyika yanhasi, vatengi vari kuwedzera kuita basa rekuziva nezvekabhoni tsoka yavo uye kutora matanho ekuita kuti vadzikise.Makambani ekubhanga akadai saSantander anoti nekufambisa mapepa ekubhanga pamhepo, uri kuita chikamu chako kune ramangwana rakagadzikana.
Asi kutaura kwavo ndokwechokwadi sei?Nyika yekusimudzira mapepa izere nengano uye zvakavanzika.Zviri nyore kufunga nezvemasango akaparadzwa kugadzira mapepa, asi chokwadi chakasiyana chaizvo.
Neanopfuura makore makumi maviri eruzivo rwekushanda muindasitiri yekudhinda,Shanghai Langhai Printing inopa zvakagadzikana, zvakatipoteredza kudhinda sarudzo.Akadhinda akadhinda kuti asangane nezvinodiwa nevatengi, senge mabhegi emapepa, makatoni, mahamvuropu, makadhi, nezvimwe.
MainCkubatanidza:
1.Indasitiri yemapepa inopa chete 0.8% yehuwandu hweEuropean greenhouse gas emissions, zvichienzaniswa ne4.8% yeindasitiri yesimbi uye 5.6% yezvicherwa zvisiri zvesimbi.
2.Kugadzira mapepa hakuna kuparadza masango - kutaura zvazviri, pakati pa1995 na2020, masango eEurope akakura nenhandare dzenhabvu 1,500 pazuva.93% yemvura yakabviswa inoshandiswa mukugadzira mapepa inodzoserwa kunharaunda.
3.Zvichienzaniswa neavhareji nhamba yemamaira inotyairwa pamunhu pagore, bepa rinodyiwa pamunhu pagore rinoburitsa chete 5.47% CO2.
4.Pepa rinonyanya kushandiswa zvakare - rinoshandiswazve avhareji yenguva 3.8 muEurope, uye 56% yefiber mbishi inoshandiswa muindasitiri yemapepa yeEurope inobva pamapepa anoshandiswa kudzokorodza.
Nhema #1: Kuti uve nemhedzisiro yakanaka papasi, unofanirwa kushandura kune isina mapepa kutaurirana
Pamusoro, zviri nyore kufunga kuti kutaurirana kwemapepa kuchave nemhedzisiro yakakura kwazvo pasirese pane kutaurirana kusina mapepa.Nekudaro, iyo yakazara nharaunda kukanganisa kwepepa kupararira zvinoenderana nemashandisirwo epepa uye kushandiswazve.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kukanganisa chaiko kwekutaurirana kwemagetsi pane zvakatipoteredza kunoderedzwa.European Commission yakataura muna 2020 kuti indasitiri yeICT inobata 2% yepasi rose greenhouse gas emissions (yakaenzana nese mhepo traffic munyika).E-marara inogadzirwa neindasitiri yakakwira 21 muzana mumakore mashanu apfuura, uye zviwanikwa zvinodiwa kubata pasi rose zvemagetsi kutaurirana.-semaseva nemajenareta-haashandiswezve uye anonetsa kudzokorora.
Kana isu tichizofunga nezvekuita kwenguva refu kweidzi nzira mbiri dzekutaurirana, bepa rinogoneka uye rinoshandiswa zvakare.Mushure mekubatana neMativi maviri, anopfuura mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu emasangano makuru pasi rose akabvisa nhema dzekuti kutaurirana kwedhijitari kuri nani kune zvakatipoteredza.
Nhema dzechipiri: Pepa kugadzira chinhu chikuru chinobatsira mukuburitswa kwecarbon dioxide
Zvinoenderana neEuropean Environment Agency's Greenhouse Gas Inventory, chikamu chepepa, pulp uye kudhinda nderimwe remaindasitiri ane hutsi hwakadzikira.Asi izvo, makambani anoshanda mumatunhu aya anotora chete 0.8% yeEurope yakazara greenhouse gasi.
Europe'maindasitiri esimbi nemamineral anopa zvakawanda kune kondinendi's greenhouse gasi kubuda-iyo isiri-metallic mineral industry inoita 5.6% yehutsi hwakazara, ukuwo base metals industry inotora 4.8%.Saka, nepo kugadzira mapepa pasina mubvunzo kuri kupa mupiro we CO2 emissions, hukuru hwemupiro uyu hunowanzowedzeredzwa.
Nhema dzechitatu: Pepa kugadzira kuri kuparadza masango edu
Izvo zvigadzirwa zvehuni fiber uye pulp zvinoshandiswa mumapepa kugadzira kunochekwa kubva mumiti, zvichiita kuti pave nemafungiro asina kururama akapararira okuti kugadzira mapepa kuri kuparadza masango enyika.Zvisinei, izvi hazvisizvo.MuEurope mose, anenge masango ese ekutanga anodzivirirwa, zvichireva kuti kutenderera kwekudyara, kukura uye kutema miti kunodzorwa zvakasimba.
Kutaura zvazviri, masango muEurope yose ari kukura.Kubva 2005 kusvika 2020, masango eEurope akawedzera 1,500 nhandare dzenhabvu zuva rega rega.Pamusoro pezvo, chikamu chegumi nenhatu chete kubva muzana chemiti yepasi rose chinoshandiswa kugadzira mapepa - ruzhinji rwemafuta, fenicha nemamwe maindasitiri.
Nhema dzechina: Pepa kuita tsvina yemvura zhinji
Mvura chinhu chakakosha papepa kugadzira nzira, kunyangwe kushandiswa kwayo kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura.Mumakore ekutanga, pepa kugadzira kazhinji kushandiswa kwemvura yakawandisa, asi kufambira mberi mumapepa emazuva ano maitiro ekugadzira akadzikisa zvakanyanya nhamba iyi.
Kubva kuma1990, avhareji yekunyura kwemvura patani yepepa yakadzikira ne47%.Mukuwedzera, huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hunoshandiswa mukugadzirisa hunodzorerwa kune zvakatipoteredza - 93% yekutora inoshandiswa zvakare paguyo remapepa, ndokuzogadziriswa uye kudzorerwa kunzvimbo.
Izvi zvakare nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kutsva mukutenderera kwekugadzira-zvigadziriso zvekusefa, kugadzirisa, flotation uye biological treatment maitiro anobatsira vagadziri vemapepa kudzosera mvura yakawanda kunharaunda.
Nhema #5: Iwe haugone kushandisa bepa muhupenyu hwako hwemazuva ese pasina kukuvadza pasi
Zvinenge zvese zvatinoita zvinowedzera kabhoni tsoka yedu.Chokwadi chiri nyore ndechokuti kushandiswa kwebepa nomunhuwo zvake hakukuvadzi zvikuru pasi pano kupfuura mamwe mativi mazhinji oupenyu hwezuva nezuva.Maererano neFAO’s Forest Products Yearbook, nyika dzokuEurope dzinoshandisa avhareji yemakirogiramu 119 epepa pamunhu pagore.
Imwe fungidziro yakaitwa neEUROGRAPH inoratidza kuti kugadzira nekushandisa tani imwe yepepa kunoburitsa makirogiramu 616 ecarbon dioxide.Kana tikashandisa nhamba iyi sechiyereso, munhuwo zvake anoburitsa 73 kg yecarbon dioxide pagore inodya bepa (119 kg).Huwandu uhu hwakafanana nekutyaira mota yemazuva ese 372 mamaira.Zvichakadaro, vatyairi veUK vanotyaira avhareji ye6,800 mamaira pagore.
Saka wepakati pemunhu wepagore mashandisirwo emapepa anongoburitsa 5.47% yemamaira avo epagore anofambiswa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti mashandisiro ako emapepa anokanganisa sei kutyaira kwako.
Glen Eckett, Director weKushambadzira kuSolopress, akati: “Nemabhizinesi mazhinji nemakambani ari kutsigira remangwana risina mapepa, zvinoita sekwakanaka kubvisa dzimwe ngano pamusoro peindasitiri yemapepa.Pepa ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinogadzirwazve pasirese, uye kugadzira kwayo uye Maitiro ekushandisa ane hushamwari hwakatipoteredza kupfuura zvinotendwa nenhau.Pane nzvimbo yezvose zviri zviviri kudhinda uye kutaurirana kwedhijitari mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-18-2022